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Volume 01, Issue 01 (April 2011)
Michael D. Intriligator Pages 1-10
https://doi.org/10.1142/S2010269011000026
Abstract
I argue that the idea of “security” must extend well beyond its traditional military dimension to encompass the interrelated military, political, economic, environmental, health, and other international and global threats arising mainly from our global interdependence. There is no better time than now to build global consensus on many of these issues, and the logical party to take the initiative would clearly be a revitalized UN along with its various components and affiliated agencies, including relevant non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that are accredited to the UN. International cooperation among these institutions should become increasingly important in achieving our shared global security goals. It is obvious that we will need new theories and analytic frameworks for global security to replace traditional but outdated theories such as containment, balance of power, deterrence, and hegemonic stability. Research of such significance, urgency, and difficulty would require wide international collaboration engaging the top scientists and research facilities of many nations.
See: https://www.worldscientific.com/toc/ijdc/01/01
2. Wages and Incentives in the Late 19th and Early 20th Century Australian Banking Industry
Andrew Seltzer
Pages 11–26
https://doi.org/10.1142/S2010269011000063
Abstract
This paper summarises research on the mechanisms used by banks to align the interests of their workers with the goal of long-term profit maximization. Banking was characterised by moral hazard, and the monitoring technology of the period was far from perfect. The banks incentivized the workers by establishing well-defined career structures within internal labour markets, by strongly tying salary to tenure and attaching large salary increases to promotion. A worker who quit or was dismissed was punished with a considerable loss of lifetime earnings. Conversely, one who exceeded the norms was rewarded by substantial earnings growth associated with seniority and promotion. See: https://www.worldscientific.com/toc/ijdc/01/01
3. Retail Sector’s Growth Under Dualism: India’s Development Dilemma
Dilip Dutta
Pages 27–40
https://doi.org/10.1142/S2010269011000087
Abstract
India’s retail sector has recently been witnessing a rapid transformation in many aspects of the business by introducing scalable and profitable organized or modern retail models across different categories and, thereby, making way for new formats over the existing unorganized or traditional ones. While the organized retailing refers to trading activities undertaken by licensed retailers who are registered for sales tax, income tax, and routine regulatory checks, the unorganized retailing mostly includes low-cost neighborhood kiranas or mom-and-pop shops, kiosks, street markets, hand-cart and pavement vendors. This coexistence of two types of retailing has given rise to an organizational or institutional dualism in India’s retail sector. Because of a perceived threat that small traders will bear the brunt of the organized retail growth by losing their business, the government’s current regulatory policy has been very cautious. As a result, the growth of the Indian retail sector as a whole has increasingly become inclusive.
See: https://www.worldscientific.com/toc/ijdc/01/01
4. Policies For Reducing Firearm-Related Violence in Developing Countries
Peter Hall, Stefan Markowski, and Jurgen Brauer
Pages 41–59
https://doi.org/10.1142/S2010269011000099
Abstract
This paper considers the prospects for effective government policy to limit the proliferation of illicit firearm ownership and use in developing countries — given their potential for generating development-undermining violence. We focus specifically on small arms rather than the more broadly defined small arms and light weapons (SALW). After a brief review of the current evidence on global gun-ownership estimates and the international distribution of small arms, we consider the potential of small arms to generate violence and destabilize economic performance in developing countries. We then analyze policies available to disrupt or prevent unauthorized movements of small arms, among and within nations, with a view of identifying their potential for reducing gun-related violence and its effects.
See: https://www.worldscientific.com/toc/ijdc/01/01
Brian-Vincent Ikejiaku and Jubril Dauda
Pages 61–83
https://doi.org/10.1142/S2010269011000105
Abstract
This paper examines African conflicts and the roles of the African Union (AU) in conflict resolution, focusing on the recent Zimbabwe and Kenya conflicts. Two conflict and conflict resolution theories: Hobessian realism and Burton’s human needs theory were considered. This paper finds that ethnicity, elections in Africa, colonial manipulation of Africa’s boundary, and longstanding land struggle contribute to Africa’s conflicts; employing a comparative perspective however, it contends that the primary cause of the Zimbabwe and Kenya conflicts is the failure of the governments of Mugabe and Kibaki to address the basic needs of the people. This paper concludes that unlike other conflict resolution theories/mechanisms, the AU should stress the improvement of the governance institution in order to persuade the governments in Africa to respond to the basic needs of the populations. This is the major stipulation of needs theory, which is compelling for understanding the causes of conflict and conflict resolution in Africa.